2.
   2024
/...   
 
   3    : 60
: -     -    ,          
                
 -
1.              
2.          
 -
3.                
4.              
 -
5.               
6.                    
2.
-
7.               
8.               
   2024
/...   
 
   3    : 60
: -     -    ,          
                
 -
1.              
: 
      
     ,     
     ,  -  -     
  ,     ,      
   ,
  ,            
      
   ,    30    
          ,     
               ' 
!
  , :
1.           
 
2.
2.           , 
    
 
3.  
        -   "
   " 
  :     ,    - 150  
        -       
   
  ,    '   
  ,      30%          
25%          
 
 ""  ,            

      '     
 
     :
1.  
o 
?   -          
       
o     : , ,    
    
 ,     
 ,   
 
o  :16             
        ,     
      -         
    
2.       
o 
? ,           
o     :   - ,  , 
 - " "    ,    ()

    
 
o    :,    ,  
            
        ,      
  
         
2.
3.           
o 
?        ' - 
o     :  , ,  ,   
  ,  
 ,   
 
o   :        70%  
   (      )    ,  -
        
4.       
o 
?    
;        -
  
o     :  ,    ,  
            
 
o  :,       ,    
    
,      
           
5.      
o 
? , ,         
    
o     :    ,   
 ,          
  
 
o   :       
     15%     
  
        ,  ,      
        ,     
   :
1.      
o : , ,   
     
    20% 
2.
o  :         ( ,    )
2.     
o :
          
-          30% 
o  :         (1 =   ; 5
=    )
3.         
o :          (  - 
)          
o  :               
4.      
o :   -  -  (  , ,
, ,  )   
o  :  '     
5.       
o :  -       
 , ,        
o  :        
6.      
o :  ,          
       
o  :      '     
7.       
o :          
            
  
o  :           
  
2.
  :      
      " "  :
 8:00 :            
         
 10:00 :     ,      
  -        
 12:00 :   ',     
          
 2:00 : -  -       - 
      
  4:00 :         ,  

    
  6:00 :    ,      
  ,  -        
   ,    ' ,   '  ,   '
    '    
 
    :    '      
,         32%   
  :  WHO   ,     
 300     ,        
 :              , 
       
    

  :        
        10-15%     

       -           
  ,     ,     , 
 
 :
     ,
2.
   ,
  , 
,   
2.          
:󷉸󷉹󷉺  
       
    ,  ,
,  ' ,            
  
  
        
 ?
   , 
 :
    ?
      
    
-  , ,     -   
󼨻󼨼
  ,              
       
    -, ,    
 
󼏨󼏩󼏪󼏫󼏬󷸓󼏭󼏮󷸕󼏯󷸖󼏰󼏱󼏲󼏳󼏴 
                 , 
                ,  
      ,          
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾
󽅡 
        ,    
        
2.
1.    
      ,  
     ,      
 
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍 :   '  
    
   
2.   -
        
           
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍            -   
 
3.     '
          
       ,         
 
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍  10          ,    
4.     
     
 ,   ,  
   
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍 :        ;   '   
    
5.   -    
    
 , , 
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍   ,  ,    '     
  
2.
6.       
       
  ,   
,       
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍             
  
7.       
      
 
,       
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍               
 

󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨
     
   -        
 
1. 󼨐󼨑󼨒      
 ,    
         
    
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫WHO  ,     7  1     
  -    ,          
 
2. 󹱊󹱋󹱌󹱍󹱎    

, , ,        :
  
  
  
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍     '  ,      
      
2.
3. 󷕘󷕙󷕚     

 ,    
 
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 
                  
     30          , 
   ,          
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
4. 󷺚󷺛󷺜󷺝󷺞󷺟󷺠󷺡󷺢󷺣󷺤󸞞󸞟󸞠󸞡󸞢󸞣󸞤󸞥󸞦󸞧󸞨󸞩󷹔󷹕󷹖󷹗󷸢󷸣󷸤󷸥󷸦󷸧󷸨 󷸞󷸟󷸠󷸡󷸢󷸣󷸤󷸥󷸦󷸧󷸨       

     ,   , ,      :
 
 

󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍 :           '    
     
5. 󷖳󷖴󷖵󷖶󷖷      
  :

 


... 
         
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫: 
           ,
   (, , )     
6. 󷉃󷉄        
              :
 ( 
)
2.
 ( 
)
 (   
)
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍    ,          
 
7. 󷃆󹸊󹸋         
  ,            
 
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 
  ,   9   6          ,  
                  
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾
8. 󹲟󹲠󹲡󹲢        
   
 :


 
 
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍            
   
 
9. 󷆯󷆮          
, ,           :
 
  
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍           
2.
󷃆󼽢
    
 -           
, , ,   ,       
      
  (  , -,    )   
   (, ,    )  , 

    
 -
3.                
:󼨐󼨑󼨒      -
              :
         ,        
           ,       
                ,
"        !"    ?   
!
    
  , "       ,     !"
,          ,   
 
 -    ,   ,      
󹺊
                 
 
  :
    (  , ,   )          
               
 
󷃆󹸃󹸄
1.  -        (     )
2.  -   

  (  
 )
2.
3.  -    
     ( )
󼩣󼩤󼩥󼩦󼩧󼩨󼩩      
,        ' 3     
󹻂 
   ,    
:      :       '  
          ,      
   
   :



󹻂
  ,   '  ,   '  
 :  
:                
      (  ),   ( )  ,    ()
 
   :


  
󹻂
  ,   ' ,   ' 
 :   
:         ( )  ,    ()
   ()  
   :

2.

   (  =   ,  = ,  = )
󼿍󼿎󼿑󼿒󼿏󼿓󼿐󼿔
,       
  :
        '        ,  
   
       '    
󷵣󷵥󷵦󷵧󷵤
󺭨
    '   ( 
)
    (  )  
 :        
 
    (  
 )          
󹺿
             
  ,     

 :      ' 60         
           
󹴂󹴃󹴄󹴅󹴉󹴊󹴆󹴋󹴇󹴈
                   
  
󷃆󼽢  
"  '            "
         ,         
  
2.
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍 
ΣF=0\ F = 0ΣF=0
 :            
,  
                
󷃆󼽢
"        =        "
            
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍 
ΣM=0\ M = 0ΣM=0
:  ',              
 '  ,      -    
󷃆󹸊󹸋
 
        '    
  :
  ×     (     )
  ×     (    )     
󹴌󹴍󹴐󹴑󹴒󹴎󹴏󹴓󹴔󹴕 
 ×   = × 
                  
         
󷕘󷕙󷕚
 
     -     :
        
 
         
       ,        '  
     -       
2.
        ' 
          
                 

       , 
     
         -          
 !
4.              
:󷆫󷆪 
󹻂 
   (CG)                
  ,          
      
  ,        

󼏨󼏩󼏪󼏫󼏬󷸓󼏭󼏮󷸕󼏯󷸖󼏰󼏱󼏲󼏳󼏴 
  
       
 '      
 
         

󷃆󼽢  
󼭽󼭾󼭷󼭸󼭹󼭺󼭻󼭼 
 
 '         ,  
    
   
            
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾
󹸯󹸭󹸮
, ,        -      
 
   (    ) ,    
   
   '   
2.
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬
󹻂 
   '      
             :
  
 
 
 
󼏨󼏩󼏪󼏫󼏬󷸓󼏭󼏮󷸕󼏯󷸖󼏰󼏱󼏲󼏳󼏴  
 
   ,           
󼏨󼏩󼏪󼏫󼏬󷸓󼏭󼏮󷸕󼏯󷸖󼏰󼏱󼏲󼏳󼏴   
 
    ,  
     
  

, 
 

󼩴󼩵󼩶    
              
   
 ,         
󹴂󹴃󹴄󹴅󹴉󹴊󹴆󹴋󹴇󹴈 
SI       (N)   
1   
 ,  
 
      
󼿝󼿞󼿟     
      -     
󺭨
                
2.
1.   
         
 : ,  ,  
2.  
         
 :  
 '       ,    '
       
3.  
                 
 : '             
4.   
       ,       
 :             
   
5.  
         
 :    -        
 
󹺿  
            '   
1.  
          
 :  
   ,          
2.  
       
 :          
3.  
2.
     
 :  '         -  
    
󼨐󼨑󼨒 

 
  ?
  
  
      

  
   
 
 
    
 

 ' 
     
 
  
    
-
5.               
:󷃆󼽢
     
,             
    , ,   ,        
   :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾

󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 
 
 '             ,
 
      
 
        ,      
󷃆󼽢
   ,        
  
󹻂
2.
        
   '  
 
      
     
       
󹻂 
,        
      
 
      
         
󷃆󼽢      
        :
1.  
2.  
    
1. 󻧀󻧁󻧂󻧃󻧄󻧅󻧆󻧇󻧈󻩈󻩉󻧲󻧳󻧴󻧵󻧶󻧷󻧸󻧹󻩊󻩋󻩌󻧺󻧻󻧼  
          
 
    :



  ,       
  '    
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 
 
         ,     

 -    
 
 '     ,       
󹻁 
2.
       :
a)    

   
󷃆󼽢
 
   
 
  '   
 ,  
 
󽅂  
 
 
  
 '   
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾  
           ,   
     
 '      ,      
)   

   
󷃆󼽢
 
  ' 
90-   ' 
   
   
󽅂   
 
 
2.
     
     
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :  
    '         '  
 ,          
 '       ,  
  
c)   
  
      
󷃆󼽢 
        
        
󽅂   
    (   '  
 )
         
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾  
            
   ,         -       
2. 󺤍󺤟󺤏󺤐󺤑󺤒󺤓󺤔󺤕󺤖󺤠󺤡󺤢󺤣󺤤󺤥󺤦󺤧󺤨  
       
   
   
    :



  
 
  ,        
   
  
 
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 
2.
 
          ,  
   
   
  
          ,     

󹻁
1. 
󷃆󼽢  
󽅂        
2. 
󷃆󼽢     
󽅂   
3.  
󷃆󼽢
󽅂        
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :  
      ,       
      -     
󷃆󼽢 
  

 
 
  
    
 '  
  

   ,   
 
     
  
       

   '  
 

   / 
    

 
    
      

2.
󷃆󼽢 
      ,         
  
     ,   
 ,     


6.                    
:󷃆󼽢
  ,       ,       
   ,           ,  ,
             :
1.     
2.   (      )
3.  
     ,  
 ,       
   
󷃆󷃊      
              , ,       
      
        :
()  - 
  ,        
              
                 
󹻂 
           
    
   
2.
      
   ( ,      )
󹻂 
                 
  -   ,      ,        
󹻂  
1.  : ,             
      
2.   ( ):    ,      
 ' 
3.   :           
     
4.     :    ,      5-10 
  
()   -  
  ,     ( )      
    ,         
󹻂 
  () 
 (         )
   
      
󹻂 
           -   ,   
-          
󹻂  
1.   :             
 ' 
2.
2.   :          - 
   
3. :     
4. :     20-30     - 
 
(c)  -        
        ,       
        
󹻂 
 
  
 ( )
  '    (   )
󹻂 
      '    ,     
󹻂  
1.  :           
2. -  :       
3.  '  :         
4.  :          
󷃆󷃋   ( )
  ',         (  )     , 
   ,        
     :
    
      
2.
    
󹻂 
( ) 
   

         
    

󹻂 
     
       
,     
    
 ,        
󹻂 
   '         '       
  ,            
󹻂  
1.  
  :   
        
 
2.   :      ,   
   
 5    
3.  :            
4.     '   :      
 
5.     :        
󷃆󷃌  
                  "X" 

 
                  
󹻂 
   
   
2.

     
 
      
󹻂 
            ,    
       -         
󹻂 
                  , 
      
󹻂  
1.  : ,     ,   - 
2.         '  :     


3.     :     
4.   :            
5.         :     
󹹔󹹕󹹖󹹗
    ,  ,         ,   
        ,   ,  
   
     -             :
  
  
 
   
             ,    
   '               
2.
-
7.               
:󷃆󼽢
  ,           '   ,   
      , , ,     
"" 
,  
                  ,
   ,     
  :
 
 '  ,       '   
   '  ,      '      
   ,  
    
 ,     
  , 
      
 ,        ,    '      
󷃆󼽢 

     :
 (, ,       )
  (    )
  (        )
     
,          
 ,       
󷃆󼽢 
  -           '  -
       

  :
1. /    
2.     
2.
3.     
󷧺󷧻󷧼󷧽󷨀󷧾󷧿 
     , , ,   '   
󹻁
 ,   
       ,   , , , , 
     

 :
        
     
󹻁 
     
      '     
  , ,    
 :
 '   -        
  
   
󹻁  
         
 
  , ,     
 :
          ,        
      
󹻁 
  ,  '     
        
 :
     ' 1      ,         

󹻁    
2.
       
       '   
 :
      '          
  
󹻁
   (  )   
           
 :
       
        
  -   
󹸪󹸫󹸬 
  ,              
󹻁 
        
      
  :
  

 
󹻁
       
         
 
  :



 
2.
󹻁
       
            
  :
 
   AC 
󼿝󼿞󼿟 
  (, , ) ,    '       
'    
󹻁 
        
 :
   -       
 
󹻁 
         
 :
  '   -    '      
󹻁
             
 :      -      
󹻁
      
 :
       - 
 
 
󹻁   
      
 :
       ,       
2.
󷃆󼽢 
 


,   

, 
  
 '   
  
 '  
  
  

  
 
  , 

, 

 

 

  

   


  
   ' 
󷃆󼽢
  ,           ,    ' 
  -        ,   
 , ,          
        , ,    , 

          , ,    , 
          
2.
8.               
:󷟽󷟾󷟿󷠀󷠁󷠂
              
    -   
 -  , , ,  
         
             30     
          200        
  
        '    
      
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬 
1.      
o   , ,      
o  :           
2.       
o        
o  :             
 
3.       
o      
o  :           
4.    
o  , ,      
o  :          
5.        
o             
 
6.   
o          
 ,  
      
7.      
2.
o  ,  ,    - 
 
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤  
            -      
                ,
 , ,     
            
󺭨  
        ,   ,    
 '    
 :
                   
        -    
󺭨  
           
   
 :
              
        
󺭨 
  ,             -
     
 :        1 ,  - 1.2 , 
1.5 ,         
󺭨 
   (, ,  ) -     

   ,      
2.
 :
            -- 
  
󺭨  
               
       
:
   -   , ,       
󺭨  
                 ,
        
 :
     ,            
󺭨  
 
    ,           
 :
          ,       
        
󺭨  
       -   -    ,   -
,   ,  -
 :
  -   ,   ,     
 '     
2.
󺭨  
               

       
 :
            ,   
  
󺭨   
   ,           
 :
   3   5            
       
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦
           - , ,  
  '      ,  ,   
 '    
"                  

          ,          "